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What are rolling codes and how do they work Hopefully it is useful for people pulling apart similar systems. The script used for this is and allows you to ‘dumb replay’ almost any signal just by specifying the frequency, but also gives you some other options such as channel bandwidth to modify the signal so that it can be used on more complicated signals that use more than one frequency. Once the ‘signal’ (raw data) was captured I could merely replay that signal (by sending the packets back out that I captured) whenever I decided This is what Samy Kamkar *did* actually implement on his devices. The correct way would have been to also decode that data into the raw binary rather than capturing the raw data (however using the raw data still works flawlessly - so far). Because I was particularly lazy, the easiest way was to take the raw output (in rfcat this is called lowball mode) and look for the change in values from the device (usually about 15 zeros) and start capturing. The best method that I found was simply to have a jammer and another device with two stages, one which waits for the signal and captures it and a second one which replays it. The only take away was that if I made the amount of space to scan small enough (say 500mhz around 433 or 403 - which is most remotes) I could almost reliably jam any of my test devices that implemented rolling code… almost being the key word. However I did manage to build a single script that would automatically jam signals using two rfcats ( see ) but I would not recommend this method, as it was not that stable. This method however proved difficult as taking apart the SpecCan application (which does scanning in the RFCat libraries) was a tricky beast to grapple and largely slower than what I needed to do. There were a number of ways I considered doing this, naturally the first method was using a YS1 to continually scan frequencies and should it pick up a transmission then it should capture and resend this (when neccessary).

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To improve upon this the next step was to cut out the analog step and use digital only (which meant not working with the audio and allowing the hardware to handle the decoding and transmission for me). Even when doing it only in digital it was still fairly manual process where I used one script to analyse and return the the code that was being transmitted and another to do the actual transmission.īecause of the generosity of I was lucky enough to have received a few YardStickOnes and was interested in improving the previous attack.

That was even a pain to type out, it definitely wasn’t efficient.

From there I would use the awesome RFcat with a compatible device (Such as a YardStickOne or CC1111EMK) to transmit the codes and open/unlock the device. Previously I had done it manually with an RTLSDR where I would use an RTLSDR to record a demodulated wav and then use some python to take that wav file to the actual signal transmitted. ** What are Rolling codes and how do they workĪs I was looking to essentially bypassing/circumventing a car alarm/remote system that use multiple different codes (the codes change) - I needed to optimise my method of capturing and replaying the AM/OOK codes. The code used in this blog post can be found at

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If you are unsure feel free to check out the previous entries on Hacking fixed key remotes with (only) RFCat :)Īlternatively you can view the entire playlist of 6 videos (about 2 minutes each) that do the various tasks relating to AM/OOK signals, see Here is a video carefully crafted by my friend Roelof Temmingh showing us opening a VW car with two YS1 (YardStick One):įor this post already knowing the basics of AM/OOK and retransmitting these codes is pretty useful. Naturally its important to have a spoiler before the long boring text. I was optimistic that the 2015 talk and myself did at zacon on this topic would be published so that I could lazily just link to the video instead of having to write it up, but alas, here we are! ) This blog entry will be more discussing the integral parts of how it works and how easy it is to do. Samy Kamkar showed it at Defcon 2015, you can read about that and his device at. However the advancement in easy to use and cheap hardware has made this a readily available research path for almost anyone. This technique has been used and spoken about for a number of years (Marko Wolf describes it in “Security Engineering for Vehicular IT Systems” from 2009).

This blog post will discuss the implementation of Codegrabbing / RollJam, just one method of attacking AM/OOK systems that implement rolling codes (such as keeloq) - these systems are commonly found on modern vehicles and entry systems such as gates and garages.

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